The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy First Edition,

The modern American economy was created by four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan. These Gilded Age giants presided over a period of rapid growth that established America as the world's richest, most inventive, and most productive nation. Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Gould were ruthlessly competitive figures driven by obsessions with progress, experimentation, and speed. Morgan, by contrast, operated as a gentleman businessman focused on building global trust in American business. Through their conflicts and ambitions, these four men constructed an industrial powerhouse and created a nation of middle-class consumers. Charles R. Morris traces how these determined individuals transformed the economy into its modern form, establishing a system of broad economic participation that would have been unimaginable decades earlier.